State Tax · 2025
State Income Tax Comparison
Enter your income and filing status to rank all 50 states and DC by effective state income tax rate — from the nine states with no income tax to California's 13.3% top bracket, every rate cited to each state's revenue department.
Standard deduction applied for each state. Click any state name to open its full calculator.
Enter your annual income above to compare state income tax across all 50 states and DC — ranked by effective rate, with the full bracket or flat rate applied.
Methodology
How each state's tax is calculated
For each of the 51 jurisdictions (50 states + DC), this tool applies the state's 2025 standard deduction for your filing status to your gross income, then applies the appropriate rate structure: flat rate for the 13 flat-rate states, or progressive bracket table for the 29 bracket states plus DC. The 9 no-income-tax states return $0. Every rate and bracket threshold is cited to the state's official revenue department publication.
Formula
Taxable income = Gross income − State standard deduction
State tax = Apply state rate schedule to taxable income
(flat rate × taxable income, OR sum of bracket tiers)
Effective rate = State tax ÷ Gross incomeTax year scope
All rates reflect tax year 2025. State bracket thresholds and standard deductions are sourced from each state's Department of Revenue publications for 2025. Rates are time-sensitive and reviewed annually — see each state's individual calculator for its specific source and last-reviewed date.
Stated assumptions and limitations
- Standard deduction only. Each state's standard deduction for the selected filing status is applied. Itemized deductions, above-the-line adjustments, and state-specific deductions (retirement income, Social Security exclusions, etc.) are not modeled.
- No local income taxes. City and county income taxes (New York City, Philadelphia, Detroit, and others) are excluded. Total tax burden in high-local-tax cities may be significantly higher than this tool shows.
- No credits. State child tax credits, earned income credits, property tax credits, and other state-specific credits are not applied.
- Wage income assumed. Some states tax capital gains, retirement income, or Social Security differently from ordinary wages. This tool treats all income as ordinary wage income.
- Washington state caveat. Washington has no income tax on wages but imposes a 7% capital gains tax on long-term gains above $270,000. This tool shows $0 for Washington (wage income only).
Last reviewed: January 2025. State rates are reviewed annually as each state's revenue department publishes updated tables, typically by January of the tax year.
Frequently asked questions
Which states have no income tax in 2025?
Nine states levy no individual income tax on wages: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. New Hampshire eliminated its Interest and Dividends Tax effective January 1, 2025, making it a full no-income-tax state for the first time. Washington is notable for having no income tax on wages but does impose a 7% capital gains tax on long-term gains above $270,000 (not modeled here). The remaining 41 states plus DC all impose some form of income tax, ranging from flat rates as low as 3.07% (Pennsylvania) to progressive brackets with top rates as high as 13.3% (California).
Why does the effective rate differ from the top marginal rate I see quoted?
The effective rate is the percentage of your total gross income that goes to state income tax — it is almost always lower than the top marginal (bracket) rate because only the dollars above each bracket threshold are taxed at that bracket's rate. For example, if a state's top bracket is 6% starting at $50,000 and you earn $80,000, only $30,000 is taxed at 6% — the rest is taxed at lower rates. The standard deduction further reduces taxable income below gross. Most people confuse marginal and effective rates; this table shows the effective rate, which is what you actually pay relative to your income.
Does this comparison include local or city income taxes?
No — this tool models state-level income tax only. Several states allow or require cities and counties to levy their own income taxes: New York City, Philadelphia, Detroit, Columbus, and many others. Those local taxes can be significant (New York City's top rate is 3.876%, on top of New York State's 10.9%). The comparison is therefore most accurate for people living outside high-local-tax cities. Click through to any state's individual calculator to see its source documentation, then check your city or county's revenue department for local rates.
Why does my actual state tax bill sometimes differ from what this tool shows?
This tool applies each state's standard deduction for your filing status and computes tax on the remaining income. Your actual bill may differ for several reasons: you may itemize deductions that exceed the standard deduction; you may qualify for state-specific credits (child tax credits, earned income credits, retirement income exclusions); your income may include capital gains taxed at different rates; or you may have non-wage income subject to special rules. The result is an accurate baseline estimate for a taxpayer taking the standard deduction with wage income — use each state's full calculator or a tax professional for a precise liability.
Related tools
State income tax calculators for all 50 states and DC — select your state to see its bracket structure and compute your liability, with each rate cited to the state revenue department.
Open tool →Federal Income Tax CalculatorEnter your income and filing status to see exactly how the 2025 U.S. tax brackets apply — marginal rate, effective rate, and every dollar of tax shown bracket by bracket.
Open tool →Marginal vs. Effective Tax Rate ExplainerMost people misunderstand how tax brackets work. This tool shows exactly how a raise, bonus, or extra income is taxed — and why your marginal rate isn't what you actually pay.
Open tool →